![]() ![]() Furthermore, GC were made by CV Nutrasetikal Galohgor (NutriLaktasi, Jakarta, Indonesia) using a cookie formulation that has been acknowledged as a household food production unit. (2019) and is already registered on Indonesian patent number IDP000058958. ![]() ![]() Galohgor was made according to Roosita et al. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the effect of galohgor cookies (GC) on β-carotene serum levels and markers of oxidative stress in postpartum mothers.Ī total of 19 eligible subjects were assigned to receive either 40 g GC (n=9) or CC (n=10) daily for 14 days. However, despite various studies that indicate the potential effect of galohgor on diabetes treatment, the effect of galohgor consumption on levels of oxidative stress in postpartum mothers has not been revealed. In another study examining type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, nutraceutical galohgor was shown to reduce visceral fat and oxidative stress biomarkers ( Setyaningsih et al., 2017 Damayati et al., 2018). In an animal study, Leatemia (2010) reported that galohgor significantly increases endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduces malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma. Our previous study demonstrated galohgor nutraceuticals are beneficial for improving the health status and milk production of Sundanese people in West Java ( Roosita et al., 2003 Dahlianti et al., 2005 Roosita et al., 2008). Galohgor nutraceutical is a traditional polyherbal made from 56 kinds of plants, containing bioactive compounds, β-carotene, and other nutrients. These beneficial effects are due to the antioxidant compounds, such as carotenoid and flavonoids, which may protect key biological sites from oxidative damage ( Zhang et al., 2015). Oxidative stress can be prevented or reduced through antioxidant phytochemicals present in fruit, vegetables, cereal grains, and medicinal plants. In the early postpartum stage, lower antioxidant statuses are observed in maternal plasma and there is a positive correlation between antioxidant status in maternal plasma and breast milk ( Kuramoto and Kitagawa, 2017). In recent years, oxidative stress has been shown to be involved in the exacerbation of autoimmune disease in the postpartum state ( Kuroda et al., 2010). A previous study showed that maternal oxidative stress levels (d-ROM levels) gradually decreased over the 3-month postpartum period, however the concentrations remained high ( Kuramoto and Kitagawa, 2012 Kuramoto and Kitagawa, 2017). The delivery method and gestational age influence placental oxidative stress and are associated with the oxidative condition of mothers ( Hung et al., 2011 Mocatta et al., 2004). Whenever this equilibrium is broken, progressive oxidation of other biological substrates including proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA occurs, which help establish oxidative stress that may contribute to health disorders in lactating mothers ( Kumar et al., 2015 Moolchandani and Sareen, 2018). Physiologically, excessive concentrations of ROS are counteracted by the natural anti-oxidant system. Increasing lipid mobilization to satisfy the increased energy requirement for milk production disrupts several inflammatory and immune functions and promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (2006), onset of lactation in indicative of specific metabolic adaptations that underlie mobilization of lipid and protein reserves. The postpartum period is a critical and neglected phase in the lives of mothers, which helps determine the well-being of the mothers and their newborns ( World Health Organization, 2013). ![]()
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